CSS3 Leeraum um ein Objekt erzeugen
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CSS Margin
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Hinweis zu text-indent

	wird auf 1. Zeile eines Fliesstetes ausgeführt, nachdem margin und dann ein vorhandenes padding ausgeführt worden sind.

The CSS margin properties are used to generate space around elements.

The margin properties set the size of the white space outside the border.

With CSS, you have full control over the margins. There are CSS properties for setting the margin for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left).
Margin - Individual Sides

CSS has properties for specifying the margin for each side of an element:

    margin-top
    margin-right
    margin-bottom
    margin-left

All the margin properties can have the following values:

    auto - the browser calculates the margin
    length - specifies a margin in px, pt, cm, etc.
    % - specifies a margin in % of the width of the containing element
    inherit - specifies that the margin should be inherited from the parent element

Tip: Negative values are allowed.

The following example sets different margins for all four sides of a <p> element:
Example
p {
    margin-top: 100px;
    margin-bottom: 100px;
    margin-right: 150px;
    margin-left: 80px;
}
Margin - Shorthand Property

To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the margin properties in one property.

The margin property is a shorthand property for the following individual margin properties:

    margin-top
    margin-right
    margin-bottom
    margin-left

Example
p {
    margin: 100px 150px 100px 80px;
}

So, here is how it works:

If the margin property has four values:

    margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
        top margin is 25px
        right margin is 50px
        bottom margin is 75px
        left margin is 100px

If the margin property has three values:

    margin: 25px 50px 75px;
        top margin is 25px
        right and left margins are 50px
        bottom margin is 75px

If the margin property has two values:

    margin: 25px 50px;
        top and bottom margins are 25px
        right and left margins are 50px

If the margin property has one value:

    margin: 25px;
        all four margins are 25px

The auto Value

You can set the margin property to auto to horizontally center the element within its container.

The element will then take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the left and right margins:
Example
div {
    width: 300px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 1px solid red;
}
The inherit Value

This example lets the left margin be inherited from the parent element:
Example
div.container {
    border: 1px solid red;
    margin-left: 100px;
}

p.one {
    margin-left: inherit;
}
Margin Collapse

Top and bottom margins of elements are sometimes collapsed into a single margin that is equal to the largest of the two margins.

This does not happen on left and right margins! Only top and bottom margins!

Look at the following example:
Example
h1 {
    margin: 0 0 50px 0;
}

h2 {
    margin: 20px 0 0 0;
}

In the example above, the <h1> element has a bottom margin of 50px. The <h2> element has a top margin set to 20px.

Common sense would seem to suggest that the vertical margin between the <h1> and the <h2> would be a total of 70px (50px + 20px). But due to margin collapse, the actual margin ends up being 50px.
Test Yourself with Exercises!

     

All CSS Margin Properties
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 
Property 	Description
margin 	A shorthand property for setting the margin properties in one declaration
margin-bottom 	Sets the bottom margin of an element
margin-left 	Sets the left margin of an element
margin-right 	Sets the right margin of an element
margin-top 	Sets the top margin of an element




Using width, max-width and margin: auto;
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As mentioned in the previous chapter; a block-level element always takes up the full width available (stretches out to the left and right as far as it can).

Setting the width of a block-level element will prevent it from stretching out to the edges of its container. Then, you can set the margins to auto, to horizontally center the element within its container. The element will take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the two margins:
This <div> element has a width of 500px, and margin set to auto.

Note: The problem with the <div> above occurs when the browser window is smaller than the width of the element. The browser then adds a horizontal scrollbar to the page.

Using max-width instead, in this situation, will improve the browser's handling of small windows. This is important when making a site usable on small devices:
This <div> element has a max-width of 500px, and margin set to auto.

Tip: Resize the browser window to less than 500px wide, to see the difference between the two divs!

Here is an example of the two divs above:
Example
div.ex1 {
    width: 500px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

div.ex2 {
    max-width: 500px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

CSS Padding
-----------

Hinweis zu text-indent

	wird auf 1. Zeile eines Fliesstetes ausgeführt, nachdem ein vorhandenes margin und dann padding ausgeführt worden sind.

The CSS padding properties are used to generate space around content.

The padding clears an area around the content (inside the border) of an element.

With CSS, you have full control over the padding. There are CSS properties for setting the padding for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, and left).
Padding - Individual Sides

CSS has properties for specifying the padding for each side of an element:

    padding-top
    padding-right
    padding-bottom
    padding-left

All the padding properties can have the following values:

    length - specifies a padding in px, pt, cm, etc.
    % - specifies a padding in % of the width of the containing element
    inherit - specifies that the padding should be inherited from the parent element

The following example sets different padding for all four sides of a <p> element: 
Example
p {
    padding-top: 50px;
    padding-right: 30px;
    padding-bottom: 50px;
    padding-left: 80px;
}
Padding - Shorthand Property

To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the padding properties in one property.

The padding property is a shorthand property for the following individual padding properties:

    padding-top
    padding-right
    padding-bottom
    padding-left

Example
p {
    padding: 50px 30px 50px 80px;
}

So, here is how it works:

If the padding property has four values:

    padding: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
        top padding is 25px
        right padding is 50px
        bottom padding is 75px
        left padding is 100px

If the padding property has three values:

    padding: 25px 50px 75px;
        top padding is 25px
        right and left paddings are 50px
        bottom padding is 75px

If the padding property has two values:

    padding: 25px 50px;
        top and bottom paddings are 25px
        right and left paddings are 50px

If the padding property has one value:

    padding: 25px;
        all four paddings are 25px

Example
div.ex1 {
    padding: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
}

div.ex2 {
    padding: 25px 50px 75px;
}

div.ex3 {
    padding: 25px 50px;
}

div.ex4 {
    padding: 25px;
}
More Examples

All the padding properties in one declaration
This example demonstrates a shorthand property for setting all of the padding properties in one declaration, can have from one to four values.

Set the left padding
This example demonstrates how to set the left padding of a <p> element.

Set the right padding
This example demonstrates how to set the right padding of a <p> element.

Set the top padding
This example demonstrates how to set the top padding of a <p> element.

Set the bottom padding
This example demonstrates how to set the bottom padding of a <p> element.
Test Yourself with Exercises!

   

All CSS Padding Properties
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 

Property 	Description
padding 	A shorthand property for setting all the padding properties in one declaration
padding-bottom 	Sets the bottom padding of an element
padding-left 	Sets the left padding of an element
padding-right 	Sets the right padding of an element
padding-top 	Sets the top padding of an element





Using width, max-width and margin: auto;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

As mentioned in the previous chapter; a block-level element always takes up the full width available (stretches out to the left and right as far as it can).

Setting the width of a block-level element will prevent it from stretching out to the edges of its container. Then, you can set the margins to auto, to horizontally center the element within its container. The element will take up the specified width, and the remaining space will be split equally between the two margins:
This <div> element has a width of 500px, and margin set to auto.

Note: The problem with the <div> above occurs when the browser window is smaller than the width of the element. The browser then adds a horizontal scrollbar to the page.

Using max-width instead, in this situation, will improve the browser's handling of small windows. This is important when making a site usable on small devices:
This <div> element has a max-width of 500px, and margin set to auto.

Tip: Resize the browser window to less than 500px wide, to see the difference between the two divs!

Here is an example of the two divs above:
Example
div.ex1 {
    width: 500px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}

div.ex2 {
    max-width: 500px;
    margin: auto;
    border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}